Promoting Listening Fluency with Extensive Listening Activities among EFL Learners

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Department of English Language and Literature, Am.C. Amol, Iran
2 Department of English Language and Literature, Am.C. Amol Iran
Abstract
This study sought to examine the effect of developing L2 listening fluency throughout extensive listening (EL). In so doing, two groups of adult intermediate language learners were recruited to comply with the objective. They were randomly divided into two groups. Two different task types, reading-only task (ROT) and reading-while-listening task (RWLT), were employed on 18 university students over a 10-week period. The ROT and RWLT group studies a total of 8 reading and audio listening. A test measurement was utilized to gouge the ROT and RWLT language gains comprising the listening test. The test was administered before the intervention and was repeated after the program. An immediate questionnaire was developed to obtain students' attitudes towards EL class. The results suggested that in the post-intervention test WRLT group significantly outperformed the ROT group on the listening fluency enhancement. In addition, the content analysis revealed some contributing factors to listening enhancement such as feeling responsibility, learning how to write, using telegram application as a motivator and facilitator and improving listening speed, to name a few. The findings have several suggestions for increasing L2 listening fluency.
Keywords
Subjects

Alm, A. (2013). Extensive listening 2.0 with foreign language podcasts.
Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 7(3), 266-280.
Bidabadi, F. S., & Yamat, H. (2014). Strategies employed by Iranian 
EFL freshman university students in extensive listening: Qualitative 
research. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 
27(1), 23-41.
Barjesteh, H., & Ghaseminia, M. (2019). The effects of pre-listening task 
types on the development of EFL learners’ listening comprehension 
ability. International Journal of Listening, 1–15. 
https://doi.org/10.1080/10904018.2019.1654867
Brown, R. R., Waring, S., & Donkaewbua. (2008). Incidental vocabulary 
acquisition from reading, Reading-while-listening, and listening to 
stories. Reading in a Foreign Language 20(2), 136-63.
Cárdenas, R., & Chaves, O. (2013). English teaching in Cali: Teachers’ 
proficiency level described. Lenguaje, 41(2), 325-352.
Chang, C. S. (2011). The effects of reading while listening to 
audiobooks: Listening fluency and vocabulary gain. Asian Journal 
of English Language Teaching 21, 43-64.
Chang, C. S. (2012). Gains to L2 Learners from extensive listening: 
Listening development, vocabulary acquisition and perceptions of 
the intervention. Hong Kong Journal of Applied Linguistics 14(1), 
25-47l.
Chang, C. S., & Millet, S. (2014). The effect of extensive listening on 
developing L2 listening fluency: Some hard evidences. ELT Journal 
68(1), 31-40.
Chang, A., & Millett, S. (2016). Developing L2 listening fluency through 
extended
listening-focused activities in an extensive listening program. RELC 
Journal, 47(3), 349-362.
Chang, A., Millett, S., & Renandya, W. A. (2019). Developing listening 
fluency through supported extensive listening practice. RELC 
Journal, 50(3), 422- 438.
Ewert, D., & Mahan, R. (2012). Extensive listening in a self-access 
learning environment. Paper presented at the selected proceedings 
of the 2011 Michigan Teachers of English to Speakers of Other 
Languages Conference.
Dupuy, B. C. (1999). Narrow listening: An alternative way to develop 
and enhance listening comprehension in students of French as a 
foreign language. System, 27, 351-361.
Ivone, F. M., & Renandya, W. A. (2019). Extensive listening and 
viewing in ELT.
TEFLIN Journal, 30(2), 237-256.
Krashen, S. D. (1985). The input hypothesis: Issues and implications.
New York: Longman.
Krashen, S. D. (1996). The case for narrow listening. System, 24(1), 97-
100. https://doi.org/10.1016/0346-251X(95)00054-N
Lynch, T. (2009). Teaching second language listening. Oxford, UK: 
Oxford University Press.
Masrai, A. (2020). Can L2 phonological vocabulary knowledge and 
listening comprehension be developed through extensive movie 
viewing? The case of Arab EFL learners. International Journal of 
Listening, 34(1), 54-69.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10904018.2019.1582346
Mayora, C. A. (2017). Extensive listening in a Colombian university: 
Process, product, and perceptions. How, 24(1), 101-121.
Meier, A. (2015). L2 incidental vocabulary acquisition through 
extensive listening to podcasts. Applied Linguistics and TESOL, 
15(2).
Nation, I. S., & Newton, J. (2008). Teaching ESL/EFL listening and 
speaking. New York: Routledge, Taylor and Francis.
Nation, I. S. P., & Newton, J. (2009). Teaching ESL/EFL Listening and 
Speaking. New York: Routledge.
Paivio, A. (2007). Mind and its Evolution: A Dual Coding Theoretical 
Approach. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Pamuji, K. D., Waring, R., & Kurniawan, E. (2019). EFL teachers' 
experiences in developing L2 proficiency through extensive 
listening. TEFLIN Journal, 30(2), 257-273.
Renandya, W. A. (2011). Extensive listening in the second language 
classroom.
Renandya, W. A., & Farrell, T.S.C. (2011). Teacher, the tape is too fast: 
Extensive listening in ELT. ELT Journal, 65(1), 52-59.
Renandya, W. A. (2012). The tape is too fast. Modern English Teacher, 
21(3), 5-9.
Renandya, W. A., & Jacobs, G. M. (2016). Extensive reading and 
listening in the L2 classroom. In W. A. Renandya & P. Handoyo 
(Eds.), English Language Teaching Today, 97-110. New York: NY: 
Routledge.
Rost, M. (2002). Teaching and researching listening. London: 
Longman.
Vandergrift, L. (2002). Second language listening: Listening ability or 
language proficiency? The Modern Language Journal, 90, 6–18. 
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2006.00381.x
Waring, R., & McLean, S. (2015). Exploration of core and variable 
dimensions of extensive reading research and pedagogy. Reading in 
a Foreign Language, 27(1), 160-167.
Webb, S., & Chang, A. (2012). Vocabulary learning through assisted and 
unassisted repeated reading. Canadian Modern Language Journal, 
68(3), 267–90.
Yeh, C.-C. (2013). An investigation of a podcast learning project for 
extensive listening. Language Education in Asia, 4(2), 135-149. 
https://doi.org/10.5746/LEiA/13/V4/I2/A04 /Yeh.